Puisi Budidaya Tuyul

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Pengertian Tuyul

Tuyul (bahasa Jawa: thuyul) dalam mitologi Nusantara, terutama di Pulau Jawa, adalah makhluk halus berwujud anak kecil atau orang kerdil dengan kepala gundul. Penggambaran lainnya yang tidak disepakati semua orang adalah kulit berwarna keperakan, bersifat sosial (dalam pengertian memiliki masyarakat dan pemimpin), serta bersuara seperti anak ayam. Tuyul dapat dipekerjakan oleh seorang majikan manusia untuk alasan tertentu, terutama mencuri (uang). Untuk menangkal tuyul, orang memasang yuyu di sejumlah sudut rumah karena tuyul dipercaya menyukai yuyu sehingga ia lupa akan tugas yang dibebankan pemiliknya.

Kejadian tuyul dipercaya berasal dari janin orang yang keguguran atau bayi yang mati ketika lahir. Karena berasal dari bayi, karakter tuyul juga seperti anak-anak: gemar bermain (seperti laporan orang melihat sejumlah tuyul bermain pada tengah malam, dsb.). Kemungkinan besar tuyul juga sejenis alien.

Dalam dunia hiburan, tuyul muncul dalam berbagai film komedi atau horor. Salah satu sinetron yang populer melibatkan tuyul, yaitu Tuyul dan Mbak Yul yang populer pada tahun 1990-an di RCTI dan Tuyul Millennium yang populer pada tahun 2004 di TPI. Sinetron Tuyul dan Mbak Yul tayang ulang di Lativi. Pemerannya adalah Ony Syahrial yang populer di sinetron Tuyul dan Mbak Yul dan Tuyul Millennium. Dia juga sebagai pengisi suara Crayon Shin-chan di RCTI.

The Meaning Of Tuyul

A Toyol or Tuyul is a mythical spirit in Malay mythology of South-East Asia, especially in Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Singapore.

Names

It is sometimes called the "Kwee Kia" in Hokkien. In Thailand, they are called Koman-tong (Male) and Koman-lay (Female). In Philippines they have a similar child spirit called the "tiyanak". In Cambodia they are called "Cohen Kroh". In South Korea called "Do Yeol". It is a small child spirit invoked by a dukun (Indonesian shaman) or pawang (Malay witch doctor) from a dead human fetus using black magic.

Evoking a Toyol

This creature can be evoked to work with a human under its own terms. There are different versions on the method to possess a Toyol:

    Purchase a Toyol from a black magician.
    Making use of an aborted baby and through special embalmment techniques.
    Evoke a Toyol from its dwelling place.

A Toyol is like a child, so it needs to be treated as such. In order to foster a closer relationship with this creature, below offering should be presented:

    A cup of milk every morning.
    Some toys, clothing, sweets and biscuits.
    A black candle and incense accompanied with mantras.
    Some will smear a few drops the owner’s own blood to the Toyol statue.

A person who owns a toyol uses it mainly to steal things from other people, or to do mischief. According to a well-known superstition, if money or jewellery keeps disappearing mysteriously from your house, a toyol might be responsible. One way to ward off a toyol is to place some needles under your money, for toyols are afraid of being hurt by needles.

According to Javanese mythology, the creature is believed to be kept by a person practicing pesugihan tuyul black magic. Pesugihan is derived from Javanese word sugih means "rich". It is a kind of magic to help people to become rich instantly, but in exchange he or she must perform some rituals or offering tumbal (sacrifice something) to keep the tuyul happy. According to Javanese myth, tuyul can be kept for financial gain, but in exchange a female member of the family must allow it to breastfeed from her, sucking blood instead of milk.

Appearance

People normally associate the appearance of a toyol with that of a small baby, frequently that of a newborn baby walking naked with a big head, small hands, clouded eyes and usually greenish skin. More accurately, it resembles a goblin or grey alien. It can be seen without the use of magic, though they are unlikely to be spotted casually.

Those who did claim to encounter it described its actual appearance to be childlike (a toddler) with green/gray skin, bald, big red (alien-like) eyes, pointy ears and rows of sharp teeth, and sometimes reported with hairs, like a monkey. Its behaviour is more animal-like. It tends to climb on rooftops either to play or prior to entering houses.

Tasks

In old village tales, people keep toyols for selfish but petty gains. They use such spirits for theft, sabotage and other minor crimes. With special rituals the toyol can be made powerful and perform murder. A person who suddenly becomes wealthy without explanation might be suspected of keeping a toyol. The toyol is kept in a jar or an urn, and hidden away in a dark place until needed.

What happens at the end of the "contract" is not very clear. It could be that the tablet, along with the urn, is buried in a graveyard (with the relevant rituals), and the spirit is then laid to rest. An alternative method is to dispose them in the sea. Or else, a toyol gets passed down in a family through the generations. This seems to suggest that once you obtain a toyol, not only are you stuck with it for the rest of your life, but all your descendants will also be condemned to own it.

However, it can still get released by either the owner or "bomoh" (shaman) to roam free. Without a master, it would stray into the jungle or visit homes as an observer without disturbing residents. Based on an anecdote, a toyol confessed that it likes to peek into people's lives apart from the occasional distraction of playing with any toys found within houses. Simply put, toyol is quite harmless without a master but like a gun, it can turn to crime or mischief under the command of an unscrupulous individual.

When it comes to stealing money or jewellery, people wonder how the toyol can find such valuables in hidden places where even humans fail to find them. There is speculation that it can somehow see through walls or barriers with its big red eyes (like infra-red) to spot hidden valuables but this is unconfirmed. After stealing, the only traces of its presence are its childlike footprints and fingerprints found at the crime scene if it happens to have dust on its hands and feet. Otherwise, people would not suspect that a toyol had raided their premises.

Toyol and The Newly Wed Bride

It has been said that if any family member of a bride or groom owns a toyol, the toyol will visit the newly wed couple before dawn. And it will suck the blood from the bride's toe until the bride wakes up. This is to enhance the toyol's power. Meaning after sucking bride's toe, the toyol shall become faster and stronger. It is crucial if the owner wants the toyol to be more capable in stealing money.

Weaknesses

Although seemingly cunning, toyols are supposedly not very intelligent. It is said that they are easily deceived by marbles, beans and sand and strands of garlic hanging on the door post or placed on certain parts of the house. The toyol will start playing with these items until it forgets its task at the intended victim's house. Money placed under mirrors has the potency to ward off toyols due to a fear of their reflection.

Koman-tong/Koman-lay

In Thailand, they are known as Koman-tong, for male sprits, and Koman-lay for females. Literally translated as "Golden Child". They are used for protection, they can whisper in your ear of impending danger. Koman-tongs are usually wandering souls of dead children that the monks would adopt and give them a "replacement body". The "replacement body" is usually a small statue carved out of tree bark, coral or baby bone. It is then placed in a container, soaked in perfume or chicken blood.

The story of the Golden Child comes supposedly from a 19th-century Thai tale called, “Khun Chang Khun Paen”. In brief, the story goes:

Khun Paen was a soldier, 400 years previous, a time when supernatural forces played an important part of traditional warfare. Khun Paen had wanted a protective spirit to watch over him in battle. To this end he cut the unborn foetus of his son from his dead wife’s womb and took it to a temple to perform an occult rite. He wrapped the child’s torso in sacred cloth and roasted it on a fire whilst chanting ritual mantras and dark incantations to create the supernatural being with whom he could communicate.

The more powerful Kuman-tong are made by sorcerers living in the mountains. They would soak the "replacement body" in 尸油 (literally corpse oil). This ingredient seems to be crucial as it gives the toyol additional powers. Corpse oil is collected by removing the dead corpse’s chin (using a knife to cut through the bones) and cooking on a hot pan until the oil oozes out. These Thai ones are more subdued and even tempered, as the monks would chant to them daily.

Kwee Kia (鬼子)

Kwee Kia is the Chinese version of the Toyol. These are made from either a fetus that miscarried or been aborted. A medium will take these small corpses and chop off their heads. Once the heads are collected, they will be dried out and cooked to obtain their corpse oil while the bones from the bodies are carved to become replacement bodies. These have to be specially ordered before you can get one.

If the fetus is five months old, they would carve the replacement body out of its own bone, in which case they are supposedly more powerful. Different Kwee Kia have different uses and different names. Usually the ones made in the deep mountains (山巴) are stronger.

Takfiran Tuyul

Toyol merujuk kepada sejenis makhluk halus dalam kepercayaan Melayu, kemungkinannya dari golongan jin/syaitan, yang dipelihara bagi tujuan mencuri. Toyol ini dikatakan berbentuk kanak-kanak kecil dan turut mempunyai perangai seperti kanak-kanak kecil. Pemeliharaan makhluk halus ini dikenali sebagai saka.

Matlamat

Toyol biasanya dipelihara dengan tujuan membantu pemiliknya mendapatkan duit dengan mencuri daripada jiran-tetangga.
Kelebihan

Toyol mampu menyelip dalam mana-mana bilik berkunci, dan mampu mencari wang tunai yang disorokkan di mana sahaja, kononnya termasuk yang disorok dicelah kitab suci.

Bahan-bahan

Pemelihara toyol biasanya akan membeli atau memuja untuk mendapatkan toyol. Toyol yang dipelihara, dipercayai secara umum sebagai mempunyai bentuk seorang budak kecil berbogel, dengan mata yang merah dan gigi yang tajam. Kononnya, toyol akan dipelihara dalam sebuah botol kecil dan pemiliknya akan memberikannya makan darahnya sendiri setiap hari/setiap bulan mengambang. Sekiranya gagal, toyol akan menghisap darah ahli keluarga terdekat pemiliknya.

Kelemahan

Pengamal ilmu sihir atau ilmu sesat ini adalah satu perbuatan syirik dalam agama Islam.

Sekiranya tidak dijaga dengan baik, toyol akan membinasakan ahli keluarga terdekat pemilik toyol. Sekiranya toyol tidak lagi diperlukan, pemilik toyol perlu mendapatkan tuan pengganti, atau menghantar toyol itu balik ketempat ia dibeli, atau ia perlu dibuang, biasanya dihanyutkan dengan acak kedalam sungai.

Terdapat petua yang menyatakan sekiranya sejenis permainan , diletakkan hampir dengan wang yang disimpan, toyol akan asyik bermain sehinggakan terlupa mengambil wang. kacang hijau yang diletakkan kedalam kantung juga dikatakan boleh melalaikan toyol.Selain itu, ikan puyu yang dipelihara di dalam akuarium mampu dapat melalaikan toyol dan toyol akan tidak akan berhasrat mengambil wang dari mangsanya.

Toyol juga tidak akan mencuri keseluruhan jumlah wang, tetapi sekadar mengambil sebahagian daripada wang yang tersimpan. Mungkin kerana kata orang tua-tua yang mengatakan bahawa "budak-budak jangan pegang duit banyak banyak". Pemilik toyol juga perlu memenuhi apa sahaja permintaan toyol peliharaannya, sekiranya gagal, toyol tersebut akan bertindak ganas.

Dadaran Tuyul

Tuyul nya éta hiji budak leutik anu kira-kira umurna 2-3 taun, kulitna hideung péot jiga kolot, kotor pisan jeung buligir, najan maké papakéan ogé ngan maké calana hungkul.Dina sababaraha daérah di Indonésia pernah diramékeun ku ayana kajadian penampakan tuyul, contona di jalan bambu kuning daérah bekasi timur, atawa di daérah sawojajar Malang dina taun 1992.Biasana saméméh aya isu jurig tuyul, sok dimimitian ku lobana masarakat sakurilingeunana anu ngalaman kaleungitan duit jeung dibarengan ku penampakan tuyul.Lolobana masarakat percaya yén tuyul téh asalna tina roh janin manusa anu maotna teu wajar (biasana aborsi) tuluy dimanfaatkeun ku ngagunakeun ilmu hitam.Biasana ieu jurig bisa katingali ku nu bogana jeung hiji jalma nu ahli supranatural saperti dukun, ajengan jeung sajabana.Cara meunangkeun ieu jurig nya éta ku ngayakeun kontrak atawa perjanjian antara dukun jeung manusa nu hayang boga tuyul éta.Kontrak dilakukeun ku ngalaksanakeun sababaraha sarat nu geus ditangtukeun ku dukun saperti méré duit atawa méré barang nu tangtu ka éta dukun, méréan sasajén sacara rutin dina ruangan nu tangtu, nyadiakeun tumbal atawa ngalakukeun semédi (tapa) ditempat nu sakral atawa keramat.Tuyul dimanfaatkeun pikeun meunang kabeungharan sacara instan jeung ulah dipigawé sarua jeung munjung ka sétan satuluyna jadi musrik.Salian ti kudu nyadiakeun sasajén dina poé-poé nu tangtu, tuyul ogé kudu disusuan ku awéwé ti anggota kulawarga jalma nu nginguna, najan ieun hal bakal mangaruhan kana kaséhatan jeung ieu jurig bisa diturunkeun atawa diwariskeun ka anak incu nepi ka tujuh turunan.
Cara Néwak

Nurutkeun salasaurang ahli supranatural ayana tuyul mindeng kajadian nalika hujan ti peuting, sabab ieu jurig dipercaya resep ulin ngomé cai jeung sato yuyu (sabangsaning ketam cai dina kulah).Néwak tuyul kudu ku ahli supranatural, jeung dipancing dibibita ku kaulinan anu dipikaresepna.Kaulinan nu dipikaresep ku tuyul sarua jeung kaulinan budak umumna, contona saperti maén kaléci.Satuluyna lamun tuyul geus katéwak kudu diasupkeun kana jero wadah nu aya tutupan saperti botol atawa kéler.Salian ti éta aya sababaraha cara pikeun ngaantisipasi jurig tuyul ngarah henteu babari maok duit nya éta ku cara ngagulungkeun duit terus dibeungkeut ku karét, nunda kaca di luhureun éta duit atawa tunda di luhur panto jeung hareupeun panto hareup, atawa nunda kangkalung bawang bodas di luhur panto.